Spot welding is a form of resistance welding that joins together two or more metals (usually sheets of metal) by applying pressure and heat. The heat is generated by an electrical current. This is directed at specific, localised ‘spots’ rather than having a continuously moving weld – hence the name spot welding.
The heat melts the metal at the points of contact, and when it cools a welded joint is created. Materials that can undergo spot welding include, but are not limited to:
Spot welding is just one of a number of professional welding services we offer here at Salamander Fabrications. Carry on reading to find out what spot welding is and how it works, as well as the pros and cons of this method.
How does spot welding work?
Spot welding works in four different stages; first you prepare, next, you clamp the metal sheets together, then you weld them – until finally, you cool them and release the electrodes. Let’s explore the process you should follow in more detail below:
Preparation
You should remove any dirt, grease, or oxidation from the metal surfaces being worked on pre-weld, otherwise this may interfere with the weld quality.
Align and position the pieces to be welded between the electrodes of the spot welding machine.
Clamping
Apply pressure to clamp the sheets together, but make sure it is the correct amount of pressure and electrode force. Too much pressure can result in cracking, and too little pressure may make the joint too weak.
Welding
An electrical current is passed through the electrodes to the targeted area, generating heat. The metal at the interface between the sheets melts to form a weld. The amount of heat generated depends on the electrical resistance and thermal conductivity of the metal.
Cooling and Release
When the current is turned off the molten metal cools and solidifies to form a strong joint. The rate at which the weld cools will affect the microstructure of the weld. You should control cooling to prevent cracking and improve the weld strength.
The electrodes are released and the process is complete.
Other Factors to Consider When Spot Welding
Size of the tip diameter
The size of the welding tip diameter is extremely important as this controls the size of the spot weld itself. If it’s too big you run the risk of overheating the metals and causing voids or gas pockets in the weld. If it’s too small, the weld may be too weak.
Welding time cycle
The amount of time that the metals being worked on are subjected to electrode pressure and electrical current can affect your overall results. Short weld times can result in incomplete formation, whilst long weld times may cause excessive heat buildup. This leads to material degradation in most cases.
Material type
Metals with lower electrical conductivity (like steel) are easier to spot weld in comparison to those with higher conductivity, like aluminium and copper. These metals can make spot welding more challenging as they require higher currents to generate enough heat.
Thickness of the materials
The thickness of the materials being worked on directly affects the strength of the weld. Thicker materials require a higher current and longer weld times, and vice versa.
Electrode material and shape
Electrodes are usually made from copper alloys due to their electrical and thermal conductivity properties. The choice of alloy affects heat generation and the cooling rate at the weld spot. The tip can also come in several different shapes and sizes to suit the specific requirements of the weld.
Weld spacing
The distance between each individual spot weld needs to be carefully planned. If they are too far apart the integrity of the joint may be compromised. If they are too close together, the heat generated from one weld may weaken the adjacent weld.
Quality monitoring
Visual inspections are important after a weld is complete, but you might not always spot every issue.Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) methods like ultrasonic testing or X-ray inspections can be used to assess the integrity of spot welds, but they can be challenging. In automated production, methods such as Robotic MIG welding apply real-time monitoring of current, voltage, and pressure. This helps detect issues during the actual welding process, rather than afterward when it could be too late to save the quality of the weld.
Pros and Cons of Spot Welding
Pros
Speed and efficiency: Spot welding is a quick and highly efficient process.
Cost-effective: No filler materials or shielding gases are required, saving on costs.
Ideal for thinner materials: Spot welding is particularly effective for joining thin sheets of metal.
Automation: The process can be easily automated, making it suitable for high-volume production.
Minimal distortion: Less thermal distortion compared to other types of welding methods due to localised application.
Cons
Not ideal for thicker materials: Spot welding is typically used for sheet metals that are up to 3mm thick.
Inspecting weld quality: Non-destructive testing of spot welds can be challenging, so quality is heavily reliant on visual inspection and careful control of the welding parameters.
Not suitable for all joint configurations: Spot welding is best suited for lap joints where two pieces overlap.
Localised heating: Spot welding can cause issues like cracking or improper fusion if not carefully controlled.
Applications of Spot Welding
Another important factor to consider when asking the question of ‘what is spot welding’, is its typical uses and applications. We have listed a few of them below:
Automotive industry: Spot welding is extensively used in car manufacturing and the transportation sector to assemble body panels and countless other parts.
Aerospace industry: Spot welding services are common for the aerospace industry as many aircraft components require this method for strength and to save on weight – especially the case when working with aluminium.
Retail and leisure sector: Sheet metal fabrication used alongside spot welding can help to build bespoke retail displays and visual merchandising platforms.
Household appliances: Refrigerators, microwaves, washing machines, dishwashers, and a whole lot more in your home will probably have undergone some form of spot welding to join the metal parts together.
Construction and security sector: Aluminium, steel, mild steel, and stainless steel are all commonly used within the construction industry – all of which can be subjected to spot welding for strength and durability.
Expert Welding Services from Salamander Fabrications
Our spot welding service encompasses just one part of the repertoire of services we provide here at Salamander Fabrications.
Not only do we maintain high-quality control with quality checks in our double ISO-accredited manufacturing facility, but we also have over 50 years of experience providing metal fabrications services, so we know how to turn your product requirements into reality.If you would like some more information or advice please feel free to contact us. Give us a call on 01484 843599 , or send an email to sales@salamanderfabs.com.Our friendly sales team will be more than happy to help.
MIG (Metal Inert Gas) welding is an extremely common welding process that is sometimes called Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) – but what is MIG welding all about? This process makes use of an electric arc to fuse pieces of metal together. The method is used widely across many different industries due to its speed, ease of use and ability to create good quality, strong welds.
In this blog we will discuss how MIG welding works and compare it to other welding services that we also provide here at Salamander Fabrications.
Key Components of MIG Welding
Welding Gun: Also called a welding torch, this holds the wire electrode and directs it to the welding area. It also releases a shielding gas that protects the weld from contamination.
Wire Electrode: A consumable wire is continuously fed through the gun that melts during the process, becoming part of the weld.
Shielding Gas: A gas is used to shield the molten weld from oxygen and other atmospheric contaminants. This is typically an inert gas like argon, or a mixture of gases like argon and carbon dioxide. This helps prevent defects and improves weld quality.
Power Supply: A constant voltage power source is required, typically with a direct current (DC), to maintain a steady arc and consistent weld quality.
Benefits of MIG Welding
Speed: A continuous wire feed allows for faster welding.
Versatility: Can be used on various metals, including steel, aluminium, and stainless steel.
Clean welds: Shielding gas minimises slag and produces cleaner welds.
Ease of use: All of our welding operators are highly skilled and qualified, so they know what they are doing. However, despite requiring skill, MIG welding is relatively easy to learn.
How Does MIG Welding Work?
Welding Machine Setup
MIG welding uses a constant voltage power supply. A spool of wire that acts as an electrode is fed through the welding gun at a controlled, continuous rate. Argon, or a mix of argon and CO2, also flows through the welding gun as shielding gas, surrounding the wire as it exits. This shields the weld area from atmospheric contamination.
Creating the Arc
The wire exits the welding gun when the welder pulls the trigger. An electrical arc is created between the wire and the metal workpieces being worked on. The arc generates heat, which melts both the wire and the workpieces, making them fuse together.
Shielding
The shielding gas protects the molten weld pool from reacting with the oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in the air. If this were to occur, it can cause defects like porosity, spatter, and weakness in the welds
Weld Formation
The welder will move the welding gun along the joint and the wire will continuously melt, leaving molten metal in the weld pool. When the pool cools and solidifies it forms a strong bond between the metal pieces being worked on.
How is TIG Welding Different?
TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding, also called Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), is another popular welding process. It shares some similarities with MIG welding, but there are some key differences in the:
way it works
skills required
types of projects it’s suited to
Key Differences Between TIG and MIG Welding
MIG Welding
TIG Welding
Electrode type
Uses a continuously fed consumable wire electrode that melts and becomes part of the weld.
Uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode that does not melt. A separate filler rod is often used instead to add material to the weld. However, some TIG welding processes can be done without filler metal.
Welding process
The wire electrode is fed through the welding gun, and an electric arc is created between the wire and the workpiece. The wire melts, filling the weld joint.
The welder manually holds the torch with the tungsten electrode in one hand and the filler rod in the other (if filler is used). The electric arc is struck between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece, and the welder controls the addition of filler metal by dipping the rod into the weld pool.
Shielding gas
Typically uses an inert or semi-inert gas to shield the weld area. This may include argon, CO2, or a mixture of both.
Uses pure argon for most metals, but sometimes helium or a mixture of argon and helium is used.
Control and precision
Easier to learn and faster, but offers less control over appearance and penetration.
Provides greater control over the welding process, allowing for precise, clean welds, especially on thinner materials. It also allows for better control over the heat input, reducing the risk of warping or distortion.
Applications
Commonly used for thicker materials, general fabrication, automotive work, and projects where speed is a priority.
Ideal for thin materials like aluminium and stainless steel. Preferred for high precision work, such as aerospace and automotive related projects, and where an aesthetically pleasing weld is required.
Weld quality
Good quality welds, but may result in more spatter. May require post-weld cleanup.
High quality welds with no spatter. Post-weld cleaning often not required.
Difficulty and skill level
Easier to learn and faster to master, making it suitable for beginners.
More challenging to master due to the need for coordination and precise control between both hands.
MIG Welding Compared to Other Welding Services
Spot Welding
Spot Welding is more specialised, focusing on quickly and efficiently joining thin metal sheets with discrete welds. This makes it the ideal method for mass production environments like automotive manufacturing.
Other differences include:
Spot welding does not use filler or shielding gas. The weld is formed by pressure and heat generated by an electric current.
Spot welding can be automated, especially in manufacturing processes. Whereas with MIG welding, the welder usually controls the movement of the welding gun, making it suitable for both automated and manual applications.
Primarily used for joining thin sheets of metal, whereas MIG welding is suitable for a wide range of applications, including construction, automotive repair, and metal fabrication services.
Spot welding is typically used to create individual weld spots rather than continuous welds.
Less suitable for high stress or load bearing applications compared to MIG welding.
Robotic MIG Welding
MIG welding and Robotic MIG welding are closely related but with one primary difference – Robotic MIG welding has a higher level of automation. The same basic MIG welding principles are applied, but the inclusion of robotic technology improves efficiency, consistency, and application.
Other differences include:
In robotic MIG welding, the welding process is controlled by a robotic arm programmed to follow precise instructions, rather than a human welder.
With MIG welding, the quality of a weld heavily depends on the skill and experience of the operator. On the other hand, a robot will follow a pre-programmed path precisely, ensuring consistent weld quality across multiple identical parts.
A robot is less able to adapt to unexpected situations, variations, or non-standard operations. Whereas human welders can be trained to handle different materials, positions, techniques and unexpected situations.
Robots can operate continuously, making them perfect for repetitively producing large quantities of identical parts, at speed. MIG welding is more suitable for projects where welds require special attention.
Robots do not get tired! They can work consistently at speed, for as long as you need them to, with no drop in quality. This leads to significant time and cost savings in high volume production.
Expert Welding Services at Salamander Fabrications
Here at Salamander Fabrications we have over 50 years of welding experience. Our welding operators are highly skilled coded welders with experience working with steels, stainless steels, aluminium, and many other materials.
For more information or advice on your next project please feel free to contact us, give us a call on 01484 843599 or send an email to sales@salamanderfabs.com.
Humans have been welding bits of metal and alloys together since the Bronze Age, and welding stainless steel has been prominent since the early 20th century. This involves applying heat, pressure, or both to 2 or more pieces of material to bind them together. An additional material is typically used to create a ‘join’, often referred to as a ‘filler’ or ‘consumable’.
In this blog we will highlight the challenges, methods and best practices involved in welding services such as those that we provide here at Salamander Fabrications.
Stainless Steel Welding Methods
Spot Welding
Also known as resistance welding, this is one of the most common methods of welding stainless steel and many other metal materials. In this process a copper alloy electrode is used in contact with the metal sheet surfaces being worked on. This leads to an electric current passing through them, which applies heat and pressure, melting the material.
As the parts fuse together the electric current is removed but the pressure is maintained, creating a joint. This welding process doesn’t use filler material and has no risk of weld spatter.
MIG (metal inert gas) welding is usually most suited to larger or thicker materials. This type of arc welding generates heat via the use of a continuously fed electrical current. This melts the materials so that a solid joint is formed when cooled. A consumable wire acts as both the electrode and the filler.
The benefits of MIG welding stainless steel include:
Shorter lead times in comparison to TIG welding
Little to no cleaning or finishing of the welds required
Low production costs
TIG Welding
TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding is usually most suited to smaller or thinner materials. This approach uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a filler is optional. Heat applied to the weld can be controlled via a foot pedal or finger control, increasing precision and minimising the chances of warping.
The benefits of TIG welding stainless steel include:
Greater control compared to MIG welding
Really strong welds can be achieved with this method
Ultimate precision
Robotic MIG Welding
This is also known as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and essentially involves a robotic welding system rather than a human to carry out the MIG process. The system is fed a filler wire continuously, where a high-temperature electrified tip is used to melt the wire. This is a semi-automatic process that can be operated by a welder remotely.
The benefits of robotic MIG welding stainless steel include:
Safer process for the human welder
Consistently high quality results
Lower production costs
Welding Stainless Steel Challenges and Best Practices
Heat Sensitivity, Warping and Distortion: Heat tends to stay localised to the weld area as stainless steel has low thermal conductivity. This may lead to excessive heat buildup, which can cause warping or distortion.
To avoid this you can:
use low heat input and fast travel speeds
allow the material to cool between welds
use pre-weld and post-weld clamping to control distortion
Maintaining Corrosion Resistance: If welded incorrectly, chromium carbides can form that deplete chromium from the alloy. This causes ‘sensitisation’ which makes the steel more prone to corrosion.
To avoid this you can:
control the temperature between passes in multi-pass welds
use filler materials with higher chromium and nickel content
clean the area thoroughly before and after welding
Avoiding Cracking: Stainless steel is susceptible to both hot and cold cracking. Hot cracking occurs during solidification and cold cracking can happen when the weld has cooled down.
To avoid this you can:
use a filler material that matches the stainless steel’s properties
consider pre-heating thicker sections and control cooling rates afterwards
avoid welding in cold environments
Oxidation and Discoloration: Stainless steel can form an oxide layer when exposed to air during welding. This creates a heat tint that can reduce corrosion resistance.
To avoid this you can:
use an inert shielding gas like argon
use shielding gas on the underside of the weld when welding pipes or tubes
clean or treat the material post-weld
Avoiding Gas Pockets: Gas pockets can sometimes get trapped in the weld, which will weaken a joint.
To avoid this you can:
clean the welding surface and ensure it is free from oils and moisture
use the correct shielding gas and maintain consistent gas flow
check for leaks in your gas supply system
Other Best Practices for Welding Stainless Steel
Use dedicated tools and equipment to avoid cross-contamination from other materials.
Use the correct electrode or filler material that matches the stainless steel grade being welded.
Keep heat input as low as possible/you need to.
Always ensure proper ventilation to protect against hazardous fumes.
Maintain a controlled and consistent weld speed to avoid excessive heat buildup.
Allow the weld to cool slowly and naturally.
Use pickling paste, mechanical cleaning, or passivation to remove any oxide layers or discoloration and restore corrosion resistance.
Conduct non-destructive testing (NDT) to ensure weld quality.
Professional Welding Services at Salamander Fabrications
A team of expert welders coupled with a depth of industry-relevant knowledge means we are one of the UK’s most trusted providers of welding services. We have completed countless different interesting stainless steel related projects over the last 50+ years in the business. We look forward to helping you with yours.
All of our welding operators are highly skilled coded welders with experience working with steels, stainless steels, aluminium, and many other metal materials.
Salamander Fabrications Welding Specifications
EN 15614-1: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. Part 1: Arc and gas welding of steels and arc welding of nickel and nickel alloys.
EN 15614-2: Specification and qualification of welding procedures for metallic materials. Part 2: Arc welding of aluminium and its alloys.
EN 9606-1: Qualification testing of welders. Fusion welding – steels.
EN 9606-2: Qualification test of welders. Fusion welding – aluminium and aluminium alloys.
Contact Our Friendly Sales Team for More Information
If you would like some more information or advice please feel free to contact us, give us a call on 01484 843599 or send an email to sales@salamanderfabs.com.Our friendly sales team will be more than happy to help find the right solution for your stainless steel welding needs.
High resistance to corrosion is just one of the many unique stainless steel properties that makes it hugely beneficial to a wide range of applications. Stainless steel is a type of steel alloy that is made primarily from iron and carbon, with at least 10.5% chromium content.
The full composition of stainless steel includes:
Iron
Chromium
Nickel
Molybdenum
Carbon
Depending on the grade and/or application, stainless steel may also contain manganese, silicon, titanium, and nitrogen.
In this blog we will discuss stainless steel properties, grades and applications. We will also touch on the role of metal fabrication services in the process of turning sheets of stainless steel into viable products.
Stainless Steel Properties
No Corrosion: Chromium forms a thin oxide layer on the surface of the steel, which is known as the passive layer. This prevents corrosion and protects the metal from rusting.
Strong and Durable: High tensile strength and durability makes stainless steel suitable for a wide range of demanding applications, including construction and security, the science and food industries, and transportation.
Temperature Resistant: Stainless steel can withstand both very high and very low temperatures, and is fire resistant too. This makes it an ideal choice of material for work in extreme conditions – such as with the aerospace industry.
Easy to Maintain: Stainless steel is really easy to clean, sanitise and maintain. This is the main reason it is widely used in food, medical, and pharmaceutical sectors where cleanliness is crucial.
Modern and Clean Appearance: As it’s so easy to clean and preserve, you’ll maintain the shiny, modern and attractive appearance that stainless steel provides all year round.
Eco Friendly Choice: Stainless steel is 100% recyclable, making it an environmentally friendly choice of material.
Stainless Steel Grades
Stainless steel is categorised into various grades based on its chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, and application. There are over 150 of them! Each grade is assigned a label/number and they all follow both national and international standards.
A lot to get your head around! Nevertheless, only around 15 of these grades are commonly used – and all 150+ can be broadly categorised into 5 main groups based on microstructure.
Austenitic Stainless Steel
This is the most common category of stainless steel, often used to create kitchen equipment and cutlery.
Common examples of austenitic stainless steel include:
304: Perhaps the most common stainless steel grade in the world provides excellent corrosion resistance, weldability, and formability.
316: Added molybdenum boosts corrosion resistance, especially in environments involving chloride.
Ferritic Stainless Steel
Ferritic stainless steels have high chromium content, making them highly resistant to corrosion, thermal fatigue and stress cracking.
Common examples of ferritic stainless steel include:
430: Usually less expensive than 300-series stainless steel grades. It contains less chromium in comparison but is still resistant to corrosion.
409: Offers great formability and weldability properties but lower corrosion resistance.
Martensitic Stainless Steel
Martensitic stainless steels provide creep resistance at higher temperatures and great strength at lower temperatures. High ductility and toughness makes them easier to form.
Common examples of martensitic stainless steel include:
420: High carbon content offers increased hardness and wear resistance.
440C: Has the highest hardness and wear resistance of all stainless steel grades.
Duplex Stainless Steel
Duplex stainless steels contain a low amount of nickel, but chromium and molybdenum content is high. This creates a material that has double the strength of typical austenitic or ferritic stainless steels.
Common examples of duplex stainless steel include:
2205: A combination of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel, with high strength and superior resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking.
2507: Very high resistance to chloride stress corrosion cracking and pitting.
Precipitation-Hardening Stainless Steel
Precipitation-hardening stainless steel offers high strength, good corrosion resistance, and excellent mechanical properties.
Common examples of precipitation-hardening stainless steel include:
17-4 PH: Can be heat-treated to achieve very high levels of strength.
15-5 PH: Similar to 17-4 PH but with improved toughness and ductility.
Stainless Steel Applications
Stainless steel’s combination of properties, longevity, and reliability makes it an essential material across various applications.
Common uses and applications include:
Construction and Architecture: Stainless steel is used to create various structural components such as cladding, handrails, decorative elements, kiosks, vending machines and enclosures. This is due to stainless steel properties such as strength, durability, and aesthetic appeal.
Automotive and Aerospace: Exhaust systems, aircraft frames, and transportation components make use of high-strength and corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
Food and Beverage Industry: Stainless steel is commonly used in kitchen equipment, food processing machinery, and storage tanks because of its hygienic and corrosion resistant properties.
Medical and Pharmaceutical: For the same reasons, stainless steel is also used in surgical instruments, implants, and pharmaceutical equipment.
Chemical Processing: Duplex stainless steels are often used in chemical processing plants to handle or transport corrosive chemicals.
Marine Applications: Boat fittings, fasteners, and other components exposed to saltwater or chloride can benefit from stainless steel.
The Role of Metal Fabrication Services
Metal fabrication services allow you to turn flat sheets of stainless steel into metal structures or products. This usually involves combining separate metal components to form a larger end product.
The sheet metal fabrication process can include a number of different techniques and procedures, such as:
Bending – sometimes known as CNC folding or CNC press braking.
Welding – including spot welding, MIG and TIG welding, and robot welding.
Here at Salamander Fabrications we understand design and manufacturing and specialise in sheet metal fabrication. With over 50 years’ experience building and creating products for a wide range of applications, we have the know-how to turn your product requirements into reality.
Feel free to contact us, give us a call on 01484 843599 or send an email to sales@salamanderfabs.com if you have any questions or would like some more information.Our friendly sales team will be more than happy to help!
Are you feeling lost when it comes to choosing the type of welding service your business requires?
Since there are many different types of welding, it’s important to find the process that best suits your business needs. If not, you could find yourself with poor-quality welds, which could lead to faults in the structure you are fabricating.
Fortunately, Salamander Fabrications discusses all the different types of welding in our latest blog. We’ll cover the pros and cons of each welding process – so you know which one is the best fit for you and your business projects.
We’ll also explain how our welding service at Salamander Fabrications can help provide you with efficiency as well as quality in your next welding project.
Interested in another service? Get in touch at 01484 843599 to find out what else we offer.
The different types of welding
Welding activities are an important pillar in most modern construction, manufacturing, and building projects. But, using the wrong welding process can result in a poor quality weld – and even damage the structure you are creating.
That’s why it’s vital you’re aware of the different types of welding, so you know which service you require.
Let’s take a look at some of the most common types of welding in more detail.
MIG welding
MIG (metal inert gas) welding uses electricity to melt metal materials and join them together. In this process, a constant voltage power runs through an electrode wire (a positive anode) – which is delivered by a spool gun at a preselected speed – to create an electric arc (otherwise known as a short circuit).
The arc operates between the electrode wire and the metal material that’s being welded (negative cathode). As it is a consumable material, the electrode wire is then deposited to create the weld.
After melting together, the materials cool and are then able to form a solid joint. This process is performed on a direct current – meaning it only runs in one direction.
MIG welding can produce welds quickly, helping with the efficiency of any project
Produces good quality welds as less spatter is created – which also means less clean-up is involved
Potential drawbacks:
Not ideal for outdoor welding as weak and porous welds can occur, as slight breezes can disrupt the shielding gas
Can be time-consuming as the spool will need changing when welding different materials
Robotic MIG welding
Robotic MIG welding is exactly like MIG welding, it simply uses automated technology to perform manual labour instead.
It works by using a robotic welding system that conducts the entire MIG welding process from start to finish. Meanwhile, welders still operate the equipment and supervise the entire weld.
Fed continuously through the robotic system, the filler wire features a hot electrified tip that melts the wire to create the weld once the materials have cooled.
Ideal for:
High-volume production projects because of its speed and efficiency, such as in the retail and leisure industry when consumer habits frequently change
Businesses in the construction industry as the fabrications benefit from the strength and durability of welds produced
The pros:
The use of robotic technology means the results are quicker and more precise, such as Salamander’s universal robot welder
Requires skilled technicians who will need to understand the complexities of the system
Robotic equipment will need to be maintained often to prevent faults from occurring
TIG welding
A TIG (tungsten inert gas) welding process uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode to produce the weld. The fact the electrode is non-consumable means it won’t melt away during the process. Like MIG welding, it uses electricity to create a short circuit between the tungsten electrode and the metal being welded.
TIG welding uses electricity to create an arc between a non-consumable tungsten electrode (a positive anode) and the metal being welded (a negative cathode).
Where it differs from MIG welding is that it is generally more difficult to operate. TIG welding uses a torch instead of a spool gun – meaning two hands are needed to perform the process.
Ideal for:
Projects that require specific welds, thanks to its precision
Welding stainless steel as it can produce corrosion-resistant welds – such as in food kiosk manufacturing
The pros:
Since the tungsten electrode is non-consumable, the arc stays firmly in place and allows for more precision
TIG welders also have more control over current and voltage settings, which helps prevent warping or burn-through
Potential drawbacks:
The welding process itself is much slower so results won’t be as quick
It is also a very complex and in-depth process which requires experienced and skilled welders
Metal sheets are cleaned and positioned between two copper alloy electrodes. These electrodes then apply pressure to the metal sheets to keep them in place.
Meanwhile, as the resistance at the contact points generates heat – it causes the metals to fuse and weld together. The current is then turned off, but welders maintain the pressure to allow the weld to solidify; creating a strong joint.
Ideal for:
Projects in the automotive and transportation industry, such as the fabrication of car bodies
Assembling household appliances, such as washing machines
The pros:
This process can be automated through the use of welding robots; ensuring a more efficient and safer practice
This method is less time-consuming and more efficient as multiple metal sheets can be welded together at the same time
Potential drawbacks:
Whilst it can weld multiple materials at once, these metals must thin – otherwise it’s not effective
Spot welding can deform the materials and leave visible marks on the weld, so it must be performed by a skilled expert
All other types of welding methods
As mentioned, welding is a varied industry. Whilst the above four methods are the most common, and the ones Salamander provides, there are other welding types you should be aware of. These include:
Cold welding
Instead of using hot tools, cold welding joins two metals together by applying pressure. This ultimately forces them to bond together at an atomic level. Cold welding is mostly used for small-scale applications.
Plasma arc welding
This type of welding uses a plasma torch to apply heat and weld materials together. It’s mostly used in the aerospace industry, as it can create high-quality thin welds for aircraft components.
Resistance seam welding (RSW)
RSW uses electricity to produce continuous welds on overlapping pieces of metal. The metal has a specific resistance to the electricity applied, which ultimately melts the metal at different contact points. It’s commonly used in appliance manufacturing.
Electroslag welding
Electroslag welding is used by businesses looking to join thick sections of metal together. It uses a layer of molten slag between the electrode and the workpiece. This resistance creates heat which then melts both the base and filler metal. This type of welding is commonly used to create the thick walls of pressure vessels.
Can you TIG weld without gas?
In theory, you can TIG weld without gas, but it’s not recommended when it comes to creating high-quality welds.
When TIG welding with shielding gas, the weld is protected from atmospheric contaminants such as oxygen and humidity. When TIG welding without gas, the molten metal can react to these gases – producing flawed welds.
Which type of welding is the strongest?
TIG welding is seen as the strongest type of welding. This is because of several factors, such as:
It produces extreme heat
It has slow cooling rate results
Creates a strong joint
But, what welding type works best for your project depends on what you require, and what materials you plan on working with. For more information on the welding service you require, get in touch with us on 01484 843599.
Choose Salamander Fabrications for Accurate Results
With a range of experienced welders at our helm; as well as an abundance of industry-relevant expertise, many UK construction businesses turn to us for our leading sheet metal fabrication services.
When you work with us, our experts will be able to help your projects come to life with services from sheet metal fabrication to custom laser cutting. If you want to get started with metal sheet fabrication, get in touch with our team of experts today.
No two sheet metal fabrication projects are the same.
So, it makes sense that different applications will require different types of metals. That’s why you need to consider a variety of metals and their properties when choosing materials for your next project.
But, without the right knowledge and experience, this can be difficult to do. That’s why at Salamander Fabrications, we’ve broken it down for you in our latest blog. We’ll discuss the different types of metal, their properties, and the applications they’re used for below.
We’ll also explain how our sheet metal fabrications services can give you the highest quality finish at a brilliant price.
Interested in another service? Get in touch at 01484 843599 to find out what else we offer.
What is metal?
Making up three-quarters of the periodic table, metals are natural elements made up of the Earth’s crust. They are characterised as such by their increased:
Electrical and thermal conductivity
Light reflectivity
Malleability – meaning that the metal can be bended into other shapes without cracking
Ductility – otherwise known as how much stress it can be put under before breaking
The most common metals in the Earth’s crust, such as iron, are mostly found in ores. Meanwhile, metals such as copper, are found typically in a free state, as they do not react easily with other elements.
What is the difference between non-ferrous metals and ferrous metals?
Ferrous means a substance, element or object that contains iron. Meaning, non-ferrous metals do not contain iron whereas ferrous metals do. Ferrous metals are heavier than non-ferrous metals as well as being magnetic.
Meanwhile, non-ferrous metals are non-magnetic, but have high conductivity and a higher resistance to corrosion. As a result of these properties, they are more valuable and therefore, more expensive. Check out some examples of ferrous and non-ferrous metals here.
What are the different types of metal?
There are several different types of metals that you should be aware of. They vary in applications due to their properties and benefits. Let’s take a look at some you’ll likely come into contact with.
Aluminium
Aluminium is another chemical element with a density lower than most common metals. It’s a popular metal to use as it is both lightweight and flexible. Whilst it doesn’t rust, it does corrode.
Properties
Soft and malleable
Non-ferrous
Non-toxic
High thermal conductivity
Applications
Due to its flexibility and lightweight nature, aluminium is most commonly used in the packaging industry – such as in beverage cans, foil and food containers. Some smartphones and laptops also contain aluminium components.
Titanium
Titanium is an element on the periodic table. Whilst it wasn’t discovered until the 18th century, it is one of the most abundant metals on Earth. According to Britannica, titanium constitutes 0.44% of the Earth’s crust.
Properties
Corrosion-resistant
High heat-resistance
Good oxidation capabilities
Low density
Non-ferrous
Applications
Titanium is most commonly used in the aerospace industry on jet engines and air frames, thanks to its high levels of heat resistance making it ideal for fuel efficiency concerns. It is also applied to projects in the automotive and transportation sector, such as for engineering parts.
Brass
An alloy of copper and zinc, brass is an aesthetically pleasing metal that is used in decorative applications as well as functional ones.
Properties
High malleability
High conductivity
Corrosion-resistant
High antibacterial properties
Non-ferrous
Applications
Brass is commonly used where corrosion resistance and low friction are needed. This includes door locks, hinges, gears and plumbing. It’s also popular in the jewellery industry because of its affordability and high shine when polished.
Nickel
As the fifth most common element on Earth, Nickel is most typically found in the Earth’s crust and core. It is shiny and silvery-white in its appearance.
Properties
High malleability and ductility
Good conductor of heat and electricity
Has a high melting point
Oxidation-resistant
Non-ferrous
Applications
Nickel is used in batteries and coins. Industry-wise, it is used in the science sector in implants, surgical tools, and dental appliances – due to its corrosion-resistant nature.
Steel
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon – but also includes small amounts of other elements. There are many different types of steel, as it has been greatly developed over the last 20 years to make it stronger and lighter. For example, stainless steel is an alloy of iron and chromium – and offers a massive upgrade in strength when compared to normal steel.
Properties
Its hardness makes it easier to withstand friction and abrasion
Tungsten is a chemical element that is exceptionally strong, but also rare. It is mostly produced in China – and has a nickel-white to grey-ish finish.
Properties
High melting point
High tensile strength
Oxidation-resistance
Resistant to acid attacks
Non-ferrous
Applications
Tungsten is used in welding projects as a cathode thanks to its high melting point. It’s non-consumable so it does not melt during the process. It’s also used in the filaments of light bulbs and other heating elements.
Copper
Copper is a chemical element, and ranks as the third-most-consumed industrial metal in the world, according to Live Science. With a reddish-brown material, it is made up of only one singular atom.
Properties
Soft and malleable
High ductility
High thermal conductivity
High electrical conductivity
Non-ferrous
Applications
Copper is mostly used in electrical equipment, such as in wiring and motors. It also has applications in the construction industry – for example, in roofing and plumbing, and in industrial machinery.
Iron
As another chemical element, iron is a shiny greyish metal. Whilst it rusts easily, it is still seen as an important metal as it helps to create alloys such as steel. It’s also an essential element in biology – with the average human containing four grams of it.
Properties
Heavy metal
Good conductor of heat
Good conductor of electricity
Can be magnetised
Ferrous
Applications
Iron is mostly used to make steel in areas such as civil engineering and manufacturing. If you’re interested in the manufacturing processes of metals, take a look at our guide.
Lead
A heavy metal that’s denser than most other metals, lead is a natural element. It occurs mostly in small amounts of the Earth’s crust.
Properties
Soft and malleable
Low melting point
Low conductor of electricity
Non-ferrous
Applications
Lead is applied to projects in a variety of industries, such as the automotive industry – where it is used for car batteries, pigments and ammunition. It is also used in the gym and leisure industry, such as in weights for lifting or weight belts for diving.
Cobalt
With a silvery-blue appearance, cobalt is found in minerals – and is formed as a by-product of nickel refining.
Properties
Stable in the air and doesn’t react with water
Can also be magnetised
Reacts slowly with dilute acids
Has a high melting point and boiling point
Non-ferrous
Applications
Thanks to its radioactivity, cobalt is an important source of gamma rays. As a result, it has a common use in the medical industry as a part of many cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy. It is also used to make magnets.
Why Choose Salamander Fabrications for Sheet Metal Fabrications
At Salamander Fabrications, we make it our mission to understand you and your business’s specific set of needs. We have over 50 years of experience in the design as well as the delivery of sheet metal fabrications – and are ready to help you with your next project. When you work with us, our experts will be able to help your projects come to life. We offer services such as custom laser cutting and welding, for a wide variety of industries. If you want to get started with sheet metal fabrication, get in touch with our team of experts today.
Sheet metal is a core resource used in a variety of industries from construction to engineering. When manufacturing sheet metal, a crucial step is choosing sheet metal finishes. The finish of the metal produced at the end of the sheet metal fabrication process determines what the product can be used for and how it will hold up in different conditions.
In this blog, we’ll use our expertise in powder coating to inform you of the different types of metal finishes available and explore their advantages and disadvantages.
What Are the Different Types of Sheet Metal Finish?
There are a wide range of metal finishes available, but we’ve listed just a few of the most common types of finishes available.
Powder Coating
For this metal finish, a dry powder is applied onto the metal using an industrial airbrush. This process is most commonly used for furniture and appliances, from outdoor metal benches to coffee machines. The custom colours you see on the body of cars are also achieved with powder coating.
Powder coating is a great alternative to paint as it is more durable and resistant to the elements, chemicals and UV rays. Although it is a longer-lasting option to paint, it will begin to peel over time and require recoating or you risk damage to the metal.
If you’re interested in powder coating and how we get the perfect finish at Salamander Fabrications, contact us at 01484 843599 to find out more!
Standard Raw Finish
A metal sheet without any finish. This is the product in its raw form and has been left without any polish, sanding or additional coating. Metals have a raw finish if they are already suitable for use in their original form. Typically metals like aluminium, iron and steel can be left with no finish as they are naturally resistant to water damage and corrosion.
A raw finish on metals is a great way to save time and money on additional finishing processes, but it is only suitable for certain metals, making it a process that cannot be standardised across all products.
Electroplating
Electroplating uses the process of electrolysis to add a layer of metal onto another metal. This process can be done with a range of different metals and is commonly used to strengthen a material. Electroplating is a common method in jewellery production where an inexpensive metal is coated with a thinner layer of a more expensive metal like silver or gold.
Buff Polishing
Buff polishing is a finishing process that creates a smooth and shiny surface on metal sheets. The process is mainly used for visual appeal to remove any imperfections in the metal. The metal is buffed using a rotating blade covered with cloth or felt material. Buff polishing is used on products like kitchen utensils to create a smooth, safe and washable surface.
Passivation
This is the process of chemically treating metal alloys like stainless steel to make the metal corrosion-resistant. Metal oxide coats the metal sheet during the finishing process and this delays oxidation to make the material more resistant to rust and corrosion. Passivated metal is ideal for use on outdoor structures and is regularly used in construction.
Hot Blackening
Hot blackening involves dipping metal into a vat of sodium hydroxide and nitrates which turns the metal surface into a magnetite. This process helps to reduce abrasive damage and gives metal a darker colour without paint. Hot blackening is applied to large batches of metal parts and is regularly used to create natural-looking dark metals for things like furniture.
Galvanisation
An ancient but effective method of finishing metal, galvanisation involves coating metal in zinc to create a protective layer against rust and corrosion. During this process, molten zinc is used and metal is dipped into it.
What Are the Best Metal Finishes?
There are a wide range of popular metal finishes but there are three main finishes that are regularly mentioned as the preferred methods.
Best for Diversity
Powder coating is the most versatile process by far, allowing for a protective coat of any colour to be added to a wide range of materials including wood and plastics, as well as metals. Powder coating can be customised to your needs, and when carried out by expert painters at Salamander Fabrications, you can benefit from stain, gloss and matte finishes.
If you want to benefit from custom powder coating services to suit any project, contact one of our experts at 01484 843599.
Best Value for Money
Electroplating is the most recognisable form of metal finishing and is extremely common due to the money the process saves. The process balances high-quality plating with reduced costs, allowing cheaper metals to be coated in a thin layer of more expensive, corrosion-proof coating.
This means companies don’t have to pay hefty prices to make things from solid gold or silver and can instead plate other metals using electrolysis.
Best for Durability
Galvanisation is also deemed a superior finishing process and is regularly used as a low-cost, versatile metal coating method. As well as being fairly inexpensive, the galvanising process makes metal extremely strong and resistant to damage.
Galvanisation also improves the longevity of household items and means customers can benefit from less maintenance and repair on products they purchase.
Fantastic Finishing with Salamander Fabrications
Every metal finishing process has its own range of benefits and the metal finish best for you will depend on a wide range of factors including metal type, intended use and budget.
If you’ve assessed the various finishing methods and think powder coating is the process for you, get in touch to utilise our expert services at Salamander Fabrications. Whatever your project, we’ll give you the perfect finish even on the most complex of pieces.
If you’re considering utilising a custom laser cutting service you might be wondering what the advantages of laser cutting are compared to other methods. When choosing a manufacturing service you want to make sure you’re choosing the right process for you.
At Salamander Fabrications, we’re dedicated to ensuring customers receive the best service and highest quality products. In this blog, we’ll explore how laser cutting works and what are the advantages of laser cutting.
Want to know more about Salamander Fabrications’ and our laser cutting services? get in touch today at 01484 843599.
Typically there are four types of lasers used in laser cutting. Once the laser cuts into a material, gas is blasted onto the heated area, causing the cut to cool and the material to retain its shape as the laser continues cutting through the material.
Laser cutting is a technique used in a wide range of industries from construction to electronics, engineering and even clothing.
Laser Cutting Advantages
Now you have a basic understanding of how this machine works, it’s time to dive into the main advantages of laser cutting.
Powerful enough to cut a range of materials whilst still maintaining accuracy. You can use a laser cutter on most materials including metal, wood, glass plastic and even some fabrics. This makes laser cutters a great choice for use during sheet metal fabrication and a range of other projects.
The versatility of this machine eliminates the need to purchase a range of cutting tools and therefore saves money.
Quality Finish
Due to the high precision of a laser cutter, the cutting process is smooth and there is no need for any additional finishing processes like sanding, smoothing etc. Because the laser is so precise, the integrity of the material you are cutting remains intact and without any burrs.
Quick and Efficient
A laser cutter is an extremely fast cutting tool compared to traditional methods like water or flame cutting, with the ability to have a full piece finished in minutes. The machine’s work rate allows for more efficient working and higher production rates.
Reduced Waste
Because a laser is precise when cutting compared to other methods like manual cutting, there is a reduction in the amount of material waste that typically occurs from things like sawing. This means that in turn you’re able to save material and reduce material costs.
Cost Effective
A laser cutter is an expensive investment initially but the benefits and savings outweigh this cost in the long run. The speed of a laser cutter means faster production at higher volumes whilst the reduced material waste means money is saved purchasing materials.
The automated machine also removes the need for manual labour costs. All of these elements lead to an overall reduction in costs in the long term.
Automation
One of the reasons a laser machine is so versatile is due to its capacity for automation. These machines can be programmed to repeatedly cut the same shape without having to stop or adjust any settings. This means that they’re ideal for larger manufacturers and mass production.
This doesn’t mean that laser cutters can’t be used in smaller settings however, and many small businesses utilise smaller models to create custom engravings, and cuttings.
CAD Compatible
Laser cutting is one of the more advanced forms of cutting as the process is operated by computers. The lasers are programmed to cut a certain shape, and CAD design services can be used to create custom and intricate designs that the laser can then directly cut.
This is a faster and less cumbersome process compared to manual carving, etching or sawing designs into a material.
Cutting Depth
A laser cutter can reach depths of around 12mm, with a standard C02 cutter reaching depths of 10mm. This means lasers are a diverse method that can easily cut through thin metal sheets easily and quickly as well as thicker sheets if needed.
Safety
Laser cutters come with an enclosure and automated safety features to reduce the risk of damage or accidents from interacting with the laser beam. The automated nature of laser machines also means there is a reduced chance of injury to workers as there is no need for manual handling.
Multi-Axis Cutting
Unlike manual or traditional cutting methods, laser cutting can perform cuts that create 3D shapes and complex designs too intricate for processes like cutting by hand.
Scalability
Laser cutters can be scaled to any size so it is easy to create smaller prototypes and large-volume mass-produced pieces with the same machine. This is ideal for companies that need to test their products before they are put on the production line.
Why Choose Laser Cutting with Salamander Fabrications?
From speed to accuracy, the overwhelming benefits laser cutting offers are impossible to ignore. When you choose Salamander Fabrication for your laser cutting, you’ll be utilising industry experts and the most advanced technology on the market.
We’re devoted to ensuring only the finest quality cutting with our two bystronic lasers allowing for fast turnaround and cost-effective rates for our customers. If you want to kickstart your custom-cutting project, get in touch with our team today.
Are you interested in an industrial cutting service? You might have heard of laser cutting and want to know more about the process and laser cutting accuracy. In this blog, we’ll cover exactly how accurate laser cutting is and the advantages compared to other cutting methods.
We’ll also explain how our custom laser cutting service at Salamander Fabrication’ can give you the highest quality finish at a brilliant price.
Interested in another service? Get in touch at 01484 843599 to find out what else we offer.
Laser cutting accuracy can vary, allowing high-precision cuts in ranges between ±0.05 and ±0.2 mm. The ability to produce such accurate results across various measurements makes the laser cutter an ideal choice when creating indicated designs.
The variable range of a laser cutter also means it can maintain accuracy across a range of materials including textiles, wood, metals and some plastics.
How Can You Maintain Laser Cutting Accuracy?
Whilst laser cutters are extremely accurate on their own, there are some measures you can take to ensure your machine continues to have high levels of accuracy.
Cleaning
Make sure that your machine is regularly cleaned. Wipe away any dust or debris from the laser bed and ensure the ventilation system is clean to ensure any smoke is correctly filtered when the laser is in use. Laser cutting is a primary process used in sheet metal fabrication so it’s important to check for any small shards of metal debris that could cause damage to the machine and operators.
Calibration
Inspect the alignment of the laser beam regularly. Misalignment of poor calibration can affect the accuracy of cutting and lead to the beam being off-centre.
Update Software
The latest firmware and software updates should always be installed to ensure the machine operates at full capacity. Calibrate the machine every few weeks using the provided software to ensure everything is working properly.
Environment Control
The temperature of your workspace should remain stable and at a workable temperature. Fluctuations from temperatures that are too warm or too cold can affect the machinery within the laser cutter and cause performance issues.
Make sure that your working environment is also well-ventilated and free from excess dust as this can settle on various surfaces.
Professional Servicing
Just as you would with any other machinery, annual check-ups and professional servicing are required to ensure your laser cutter is operating correctly. You can also utilise the expertise of professionals to train staff on laser cutting and how to correctly use this machine to keep it well maintained and avoid misuse.
Which Type of Laser Cutting is Most Accurate?
There are four main types of laser cutters. Each type of laser cutter has a different function and is used on different materials.
When it comes to laser cutting accuracy, fibre lasers are deemed the most precise and versatile. Fibre lasers generate a powerful beam that allows them to cut through a wide range of materials including metals, wood, glass and more.
Not only do fibre lasers offer more accuracy but they offer faster cutting times, less material wastage and a smoother finish.
At Salamander Fabrication, we utilise fibre lasers to ensure the most efficient and accurate cutting.
How Does Laser Cutting Accuracy Compare to Other Cutting Methods?
Laser cutting is a great all-around accurate process, but how does it compare to other cutting methods?
Waterjet Cutting
A waterjet cutter uses pressurised water to cut through materials. The water can also be mixed with minerals known as abrasive grains to produce an even more powerful cut that can easily get through even thick metals.
A waterjet is great for metal but this machine is slower than machines like a laser cutter and has a lower laser cutting accuracy when making more intricate cuts or cutting smaller sections of material.
A waterjet is also more expensive to run than a laser cutter.
Plasma Cutting
Plasma cutting is a form of cutting used predominantly on metals. It involves gases that conduct electricity passing through a torch to cut through metals. Plasma cutters are commonly used in the transport sector in auto repair shops.
Similar to a waterjet, this method of cutting is great for thick metal but the process is not as versatile as laser cutting as it can only be used on metal.
A plasma cutter is less accurate, more expensive to run and uses a lot more energy than a laser cutter.
Flame Cutting
Flaming cutting is the process of cutting through materials using oxygen that reacts with heat from a flame. The chemical reaction allows the metal placed below to be pierced and cut through.
Although this process doesn’t involve electricity and saves on energy costs, it is far less accurate and slower than laser cutting. The process can also only cut a limited number of metals like steel.
It’s clear that no matter the benefits other cutting methods offer, laser cutting accuracy is superior and cannot be beaten by any other cutting method.
What Can Impact the Accuracy of a Laser Cutter?
Whilst laser cutters are generally deemed the most accurate type of cutter, there are some factors that can influence the accuracy of your laser cutter.
Machine Quality
As with any product, quality usually equates to the price you pay. If you buy a cheaper machine your laser is likely to be less accurate and of lower quality. Industrial-level laser cutters are known to be expensive, and a high-quality machine will give you the best level of accuracy.
Type of Laser
The most accurate type of laser is a fibre laser cutter. If you choose CO2, crystal or diode lasers they may possess other benefits but at the cost of being slightly less accurate.
Laser Speed
If you want to increase the speed of production, you can increase the speed of the cutting process. The faster the cutting speed, however the less accurate the cut is expected to be. You therefore need to find a balance between speed and accuracy.
Choose Salamander Fabrications for Accurate Results.
If you want the highest quality products with fast turnaround, choose Salamander as your laser cutting service. We utilise the highest quality fibre bystronic lasers to produce the smoothest cuts that require no extra finishing.
When you work with us, our sheet metal fabricator experts will be able to help your projects come to life with services from CAD to welding. If you want to get started with metal sheet fabrication, get in touch with our team of experts today.
Are you wanting to use a custom laser cutting service but you’re unsure what materials a laser cutter can cut? In this blog, we’ll talk you through what materials these revolutionary machines can cut through and also explain a bit about how these cutters work.
At Salamander Fabrications, we have two high-performance bystronic lasers that can cut through a range of materials and are suitable for projects on varying scales. To find out more about our laser cutter services, contact us on 01484 843599.
What Is Laser Cutting?
Laser cutting is the process of using strong laser beams to melt or burn materials into the desired shape. Gas is blown onto the heated area to cool it as the material is cut which allows it to maintain its shape as the laser continues cutting.
For a more in-depth explanation of the laser cutting process, we have a dedicated page on how laser cutting works.
Materials Used in Laser Cutting
What makes laser cutting such a brilliant cutting method is its versatility and the ability to cut through a wide range of materials with ease. Where other methods may fail or require additional steps, lasers are powerful enough to create accurate, clean cuts through a range of plastics, woods and metals.
There are also different types of laser cutters from CO2 to crystal cutters, each being designed for use on different materials. So what materials can a laser cutter cut?
Metal
Laser cutters are most commonly known for their ability to cut through most metals and are used in industrial settings on a wide range of metals. Laser cutting is in fact a primary process in metal sheet fabrication and has become an industry staple for cutting metals like stainless steel. It’s important to note that although laser cutters have a limited depth, advanced machines can cut up to 50mm. Laser cutters are suitable for these metals:
Steel – Stainless steel and mild steel. This corrosion-resistant metal is heavily used in household appliances and the food industry.
Brass – A versatile metal, brass can be easily melted and is often used to create household pipes and pumps.
Aluminium – A lightweight metal, aluminium laser cutting is favoured in the transport sector and is commonly used in manufacturing aircraft and automotive parts.
Titanium – Extremely strong, lightweight and with a high melting point, this metal is used in a number of industries but is regularly used to provide structural support in the construction industry.
Copper – As a powerful conductor of electricity, copper is most commonly used in wiring but we also see it in our currency with copper coins.
All of these metals are used across a wide range of industries, most notably the construction sector. Laser cutting these metals allows for a fast turnaround of supplies that can be used on building and industrial sites.
Wood
Laser cutters are great for cutting and engraving complex patterns and shapes into wood, and with the help of CAD services, lasers can create a range of beautiful custom designs. Laser cutters can be used with:
MDF – A multipurpose material, with wood is used in house construction, furniture, flooring and much more.
Plywood – Made from birch, bamboo, or beech wood.
Poplar
Balsa
It’s important to note that wood that contains natural sap or resin cannot be cut with a laser cut as this can cause the wood to catch fire.
Plastic
Plastics are by far the most varied material that can be laser cut, with all sorts of plastics being cut to create furniture, industrial parts, kitchen utensils, clothing and much more. Polyethylene is the most common plastic in the world and as such is most frequently used in laser cutting, but you can also cut a range of other plastics including:
Acrylic – A versatile plastic, we see this plastic all around us in beauty products like false nails, furniture, electronic screens and more.
Polyester – Most commonly used in the textile industry, we use polyester to make clothes, bedding, tents etc.
Polyurethane – A foam-like plastic, this is used to provide cushion or padding in furniture as well as in construction for flooring underlay and wall insulation.
Polypropylene – Commonly used in the food and packaging industry, this plastic is used for food packaging, bottles, yoghurt pots and more.
PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) – The clear water bottles we see in every store are made from this material, along with synthetic fibre clothes.
There are some plastics however that should never be used with a laser cutter, but we’ll cover those later on.
Paper and Card
With the wide variety of laser cutting machines on the market today, you’re now able to buy laser cutters for home or small business rather than for cutting on an industrial scale. These machines are perfect for creating cuttings and designs on paper and card and can help make quick work of crafts projects and retail and leisure displays made from:
Corrugated card
Art paper
Corrugated card
Construction paper
Copy and print paper
What Materials Cannot Be Cut with a Laser Cutter?
Whilst a laser cutter is a popular option thanks to the diverse range of materials it can cut, there are still some plastics, metals and wood that are not suitable for laser cutting.
PVC – This is a dangerous material to use with a laser cutter and should never be cut in this way as heating the plastic with a laser causes toxic fumes.
Polystyrene – This foam-like plastic is extremely flammable and should never be used with a laser cutter due to the high risk of catching fire.
Fibreglass – This material is a mixture of glass and epoxy resin, and just like with PVC cutting through epoxy with a laser produces toxic fumes and so this should never be done.
Polypropylene – This plastic tends to melt which makes it difficult to achieve a clean cut. The melting also produces burnt/ discoloured areas on the surface and produces smoke as the material burns.
Don’t Cut Corners – Choose Salamander for Custom Laser Cutting
What materials can a laser cutter cut? Now that you’ve come to the end of this blog, you should know the answer to your question and understand which materials are suitable for the process.
Our laser cutters are built to the highest industry standards and are designed to ensure a fast product turnaround with a high-quality, smooth-cutting finish. To kickstart your project today, get in touch with one of our experts.
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