Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals Explained

Metals are at the core of everything Salamander Fabrications does. From structural frameworks to custom enclosures and components, metals provide strength, form, and function. In the world of fabrication, it’s essential to understand different types of metal, that’s where ferrous vs non‑ferrous metals comes in. It’s important to know which type to use, when, and why can mean the difference between longevity under harsh conditions or frequent replacements.

What Are Ferrous Metals?

Ferrous metals primarily contain iron as their main component. This iron content gives these metals unique properties that make them a staple in many fabrication and manufacturing processes but does make them prone to rust. Characteristics include magnetism, strength and durability. 

What Are Non-Ferrous Metals?

Non-ferrous metals are metals that do not contain iron. They are lightweight, highly resistant to rust and corrosion, and non-magnetic. These qualities make them ideal for projects exposed to harsh environments or where reducing weight is a priority.

Key Differences Between Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

• Iron Content

Ferrous and non-ferrous metals differ in several important ways, starting with their iron content. Ferrous metals contain iron, which gives them strength and durability but also makes them prone to rust and corrosion if not properly protected. 

In contrast, non-ferrous metals do not contain iron, making them naturally resistant to corrosion and ideal for use in environments where exposure to moisture or chemicals is a concern.

• Weight

Ferrous metals tend to be heavier due to their iron content, which makes them well-suited for applications where strength and load-bearing capacity are priorities. 

Non-ferrous metals, such as aluminium and copper, are generally much lighter, offering advantages where reducing weight is critical, such as in aerospace or transportation.

• Magnetic

Magnetic properties also set these metals apart. Ferrous metals are typically magnetic metals because of their iron base, whereas non-ferrous metals are non-magnetic, which can be beneficial in electronic and electrical applications where magnetism could interfere with performance.

• Cost

Ferrous metals are often more affordable, primarily due to their abundance and established production processes. 

Non-ferrous metals tend to be more expensive but offer benefits like enhanced corrosion resistance and lighter weight that can justify the higher price depending on the application.

• Environmentally-friendly

Both ferrous and non-ferrous metals have strong recycling potential, but their recycling processes differ. Ferrous metals are widely recycled and easily separated using magnets, while non-ferrous metals require more specialised recycling methods. Nevertheless, both contribute significantly to sustainable manufacturing practices.

Examples of Ferrous and Non-Ferrous Metals

At Salamander Fabrications, choosing the right material is essential for delivering precision-engineered sheet metal products across industries.
Here are some ferrous and non-ferrous metal examples:

Which metals are ferrous? 

Typical uses for ferrous metals range from construction frameworks and automotive parts to industrial tools and heavy machinery, where durability and strength are critical.

Carbon steel

This has a higher carbon content than other types of steel making it extremely high in strength. It is commonly used in the manufacture of machine tools, gears, drills, blades and springs. 

Alloy steel

This incorporates elements like chromium, nickel and titanium to provide greater strength and durability without increasing the weight. Alloy steel is often used in structural components, construction and automotive parts. 

Stainless steel

Stainless stell is an alloy steel that contains chromium, which gives it excellent corrosion resistance and a sleek, clean finish. It is widely used in the production of kitchen equipment, medical instruments, architectural features, and components that require both durability and resistance to rust.

Cast iron

This contains iron, carbon and silicon. It is brittle, hard and resistant to wear which makes it ideal for water pipes, automobile engines, heavy machinery and stoves.

Wrought iron

This has such little carbon content that it is almost pure iron. It has great resistance to corrosion and oxidation. It is traditionally used for fencing and decorative ironwork. 

Which metals are non-ferrous?

Non-ferrous metals are commonly used in electrical components, plumbing systems, roofing materials, aerospace parts, and many precision fabrication projects where performance and longevity are crucial.

Aluminium

Due to this metal being lightweight, soft and low strength, it can be easily cast, forged and welded but not suitable for high-temperature environments. It is a good choice for aircraft and automotive components as well as food packaging. 

Copper

Highly ductile, malleable and thermal conductivity means that copper is primarily used in the electrical industry as wiring. It is also used for roofing, coins and mixed with zinc to make brass. 

Zinc

This is a medium to low-strength metal with a low melting point and resistance to corrosion. Zinc is most commonly used in galvanising, the process of applying a zinc coating to steel to prevent rust. It can also be used in batteries and die casting. 

Lead

This is a soft, dense, malleable metal which can withstand corrosion from moisture and acid. Due to this, it is widely used in electrical power cables, batteries and radiation shielding. 

Nickel

Used in stainless steel production, batteries and electroplating, nickel is corrosion-resistant, tough and heat resistant. 

FAQs

Which type of metal is best for outdoor use?

Non-ferrous metals are generally better suited for outdoor use because they are naturally resistant to corrosion and rust. Metals like aluminium, copper, and zinc are commonly used in roofing, cladding, and outdoor fixtures due to their ability to withstand moisture and environmental exposure. Stainless steel, while technically a ferrous metal, is also an excellent choice for outdoor applications thanks to its chromium content, which provides strong corrosion resistance.

Are non-ferrous metals better for electrical applications?

Yes, non-ferrous metals are typically better for electrical applications, especially copper and aluminium. Copper is the industry standard for wiring due to its exceptional conductivity, while aluminium is used where lighter weight is needed, such as in overhead power lines. These metals are also non-magnetic, which helps prevent electromagnetic interference in sensitive electronic equipment.

How can you tell if a metal is ferrous or non-ferrous?

One simple way to tell is by checking if the metal is magnetic. Ferrous metals (which contain iron) are usually magnetic, while non-ferrous metals are not. Another clue is whether the metal rusts. Ferrous metals are more prone to rust unless specially treated, whereas non-ferrous metals are naturally more corrosion-resistant. For a definitive answer, a material test or a spark test can be used in a workshop setting.

Can ferrous and non-ferrous metals be welded together?

Welding ferrous and non-ferrous metals together is possible, but it requires special techniques and filler materials. The differences in melting points, thermal conductivity, and chemical properties can cause issues like cracking, weak joints, or metal incompatibility. In many cases, alternative joining methods like brazing, soldering, or mechanical fastening are preferred over traditional welding.